Who do you listen to?
Have you noticed that people who are involved with animals all believe they know everything already? Well there is no lifetime long enough for knowing everything, but there are a good combination of educated Wolf / Wolfdog handlers that can teach the willing student what they need to know. With animals, every minute with them is more education. If you don't think so, you aren't paying attention. This isn't about my ego, or my name would be all over the place. This is about the future of these animals. This is about the tragic suffering and needless accidents that occur. This is about the never ending battle to STOP THE MADNESS. In 2006, a Pennsylvania woman who had 8 Wolfdogs? was killed by them, reasons unknown. Her body was found badly bitten and she was said to have bled to death. The animals were killed. There was no further investigation, no experts were brought in, no animals were evaluated. To this day we do not know if they were in fact Wolfdogs. This was a tragedy that never should have happened if the woman who had these animals knew what she was doing. Having them does not make you an expert. (8 dogs of any large breed in one contained area requires a master handler to prevent fighting and even killing of animals. 8 Wolfdogs in a backyard is formula for disaster. A minimum 1-3 acres might work if you know exactly what you are doing) The same scenario has happened again in Nevada. 8 animals in one space killed a 73 year old woman. Animals killed, no evaluation, News uses pictures of Wolves that are taken from somewhere else to make their story. No one knows if these were in fact WolfDogs or not? but the WolfDog will certainly take the blame for being a terrible idea. (Pahrump Nevada is on the eastern edge of Death Valley. Temperatures there are far too high for Northern breed animals, let alone 8 Wolfdogs again in 1 enclosure. Pahrump is a low income community, and there are many scenarios contributing to this. Once again PEOPLE failed to get an education. Animals suffered because of it. It is my guess that these animals were underfed and likely abused) UPDATE... it has been confirmed that these were HUSKY / Shepherd mixes (knockoffs sold as Wolfdogs) all 8 were intact males, and there was a female in heat inside the house. The woman had just moved in with her idiot son , and had no idea what she was doing, but smelled like the female. The animals were mistreated, and underfed. NOT WOLFDOGS Sadly due to the lack of EDUCATION of Animal Control Officers, we will never have answers. Just more dead dogs we know nothing about, other than they were labelled WOLVES.
Packs do not work in captive situations. More than pairs is generally asking for trouble. There are exeptions with expert handlers who have good containment, but normally even northern breeds challenge each other. The bottom line is, PEOPLE should not go uneducated. PEOPLE are the reason these things happen. NEWS should place the responsibility on the PEOPLE and not the animal, who for some reason is suppose to be the perfect child and do exactly what PEOPLE want? If a horse kicks you in the head, are all horses bad? It's called POOR HORSEMANSHIP. If a Stallion bites you, do they put him down? If a dog misbehaves or acts like a Dog who is defending himself or his domain, he is killed. Man's best friend/ There are 2 so called educational facilities we know of so far that fail to get it. One is in Pennsylvania, and they teach people that their Dogs are Wolves. They have mostly low content and no content WDs. Another problem is so called educational facilities. Sadly they could be very good, but the owners are adamant their WolfDogs are pure Wolves. Anyone with the ability to phenotype can see this , and it is wrong to teach lies. There are 2 of these privately run operations that I'm aware of. One is in Pennsyvania, the other in the Delta state, but the owner keeps harrassing me about exposing her. The fact that they are being exposed here is because it must stop somewhere. I have no personal issues with these people except that they have put their egos and wallets ahead of the welfare of the animals they claim to love so much. WOLF PACKS in a captive environment can work with highly knowledgable handlers. Wolf Mountain is an example, but all animals are extreme high content or pure Wolves. It is likely that any animal that does not fit in is removed. I can assume these are selected and raised together from good breeding stock, and not rescued or collected. A good example of why content levels are important in the packs, and human interaction. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3lV2kcIpwlI What possesses the average person to want a "WOLF"? It's primarily ego is it not? The same ego that makes a kid want a Black Mombo, or a pet Cayman or Rattle Snake. The difference is of course that the Wolf will indeed bond with it's Aplha/Master if handled correctly. I've never known anyone to roll up and cuddle with a Black Mombo. So having a Wolf is going to set you apart from being the average pet owner. You are going to be the talk of the town. BAD IDEA. Your companion , who you love dearly right? has just been jeopardized by your ego. If he/she should get loose, or perhaps howl too loud, or maybe nip some kid teasing him through a fence, or the neighbor fears for her children's safety because you have the very animal that ate Lil Red Riding Hood? You may have to fight for his life? Misinformation has always travelled faster than truths. PEOPLE tend to believe the BS way before they will believe the truth, because it is easier than researching and taking innitiative to learn. PEOPLE are lazy, and here in lies the BIG PROBLEM. That laziness carries over into the entire issue of WOLFDOG caretaking. What is written here may contradict everything you have heard, and you'll say HUH? My friends Wolf lives in the house and sleeps in the bed? Not that it isn't possible. It is just highly unlikely your friend has a Wolf or Wolfdog of any significant content. Again the problem started with BS from the breeder. You don't just open the screen door and let Fido out. You don't just open a can of GOOFY at dinner time and put it in his bowl. You don't tell Wolfie to sit and expect him to do it and stay there until you relieve him. That is of course unless you are someone who doesn't need to be reading this? Life with a Wolfdog of any significant content is no walk in the park. Alone they are uncontent. They have been known to chew through walls, jump through double pane windows, open doors and latched gates, dig under houses, destroy electrical cables that would kill any human, take down trees, climb 10 ft fences, and jump clean over a 6ft. fence from a standing still position. Remember that the Wolf survives under conditions in regions that YOU cannot. They kill their food and eat fur, bone, blood, feather, and whatever else goes down. A can of GOOFY does not suffice the nutritional needs of your best bud. So your pup is now 6 months old, and he is 60 lbs. He doesn't know how to tell you it's potty time, nor does he care to, because Wolves "MARK". They leave their scent in their claimed territory, the same as you protecting your space. They do this by peeing, defacating, and rubbing on things. And soon your house is their house, and you are simply the servant. Unless you are a skilled animal trainer, this is the usual scenario. Most people do not survive the first 2 years before giving up. RESCUES ARE FULL of failed attempts. CONTAINMENT. Ideally a proper Wolfdog space is 2000 square feet or more. It requires an 8 to 10 ft. fence, with a 3 ft. ground perimeter dig guard. Some people find it necessary to use HOTWIRE at bottom or top depending on the individual animals behaviour. In my opinion, if an animal spends his time trying to escape, he is not a happy animal. It is up to his human to find out why and change it. There are exceptions to the size or area you need, depending on how much time you spend with your Wolf Dog and how much time they are in the pen. GATES should be lockable and big enough to allow a crate or large object through. There should be 2 gates with a catch area incase of a slip out as you open the inside gate. ESCAPE is the biggest cause of Wolfdog deaths aside from Animal Control murder. A loose Wolfdog is a target for any fool with a gun, and that includes law enforcement. DO NOT take chances. Seperation anxiety is highly probable with a single Wolfdog. If you think Wolfie will patiently await your return from your 8 hour shift every day, guess again. SOLUTION, is often a kennel mate. Male/ Female pairs work well. Male/Male pairs often work OK. Female/Female pairs seldom work. This does in no way mean breeding pairs. Please Spay and Neuter as Bob Barker always said. Accidental litters of these animals are generally doomed. Breeding Wolfdogs properly requires KNOWLEDGE. It is my opinion that Wolfdogs are happier living outside. Depending where you are, shelter is another important ingredient in your contained area. Remember they like to dig, and generally will prefer to dig under the doghouse rather than lay in it. I suggest raising it up safely to allow them to go under without digging much. Providing them with their needs prevents damage in many cases. Again these are my opinions, and nothing is set in stone. All animals are different, and there are hundreds of reasons for their differences. Generally these animals do better in cooler climates. They require shaded areas, and drink lots of water. They also like to play in water. Here we have livestock tanks. These tanks must be monitored and cleaned every few days to prevent Mosquitos, and water born bacterias. They require monthly worm/ heartworm medications, and low & mid content WDs get fleas in areas where fleas exist., ticks where ticks exist. HOW TO IDENTIFY Wolfdogs do not have signs on them that say WD. It is often difficult to phenotype animals when you are a beginner Wolfdog enthusiast. I have seen Wolfdogs that look like Labs. However that is not a common thing , and certainly not why most people seek out this mixed breed. Puppies with distinct white facial markings are Huskies, Malamutes. Paws are another clue if you know the difference. Wolfdogs will have hazy grey/blue eyes at birth until they are sometimes a few weeks old. Distinct blue eyes are Husky. Animals of any significant Wolf content will mostly have gold/ yellow/ amber eyes that have an almont shape and are black lined. A NC breeder claims 97% , that the sire is pure, and the mother is 93%, and then they are whelped in January??? (RED FLAG) Wolves and high content Wolfdogs do not breed until January or February. The gestation period is 2 months. March - April pups is another good clue. Wolves and high content WDs don't bark like dogs. Exposed to dogs they can learn to bark, however it is more of a yip and will not be as repetative. Mid contents and lower will bark. Curled tails are another indication of lower content Husky, Malamute , or Shepherd mixes. A wolf can hold its tail at various elevations in excitement, but will never curl it over it's back, and will be straight down in most relaxed instances. This in no way is intended to discourage you from a Low Content animal, as many are the absolute reason that people think they are bonding so well with their WOLF dog :( My issues with breeders of Low content WDs are the lies and misrepresentation and lack of care , knowledge, or experience in quality breeding. The fact that they refer to them as Wolves is the sales tactic. Then the buyer begins their journey into WolfDogdom totally mislead. THIS IS WHAT WOLF PUPS LOOK LIKE http://www.pets4you.com/pages/wolfzone1.html? THIS IS WHAT A BS BREEDER WILL CLAIM IS A WOLF PUP / "CUB" ??? (RED FLAG) http://www.highdesertwolves.com/hdwpups001002.jpg this website is one of the worst examples of bad breeders, claiming HIGH CONTENT pups in September, others due in October etc. THESE ARE HUSKY Low to Mid content Wolfdogs and possibly no content? with shipping, $1500. for a mixed breed Husky/ Mal, low content mess. this breeder recommends the worst possible foods, Soy based OleRoy and Pedigree Dry. Soy is the number one problem food for Wolfdogs. This woman is a menace to the Wolfdog issues. another tragedy http://www.wolfhuskypups.com and the list goes on and on FOOD Wolfdogs with any Wolf content have been known to have certain issues with SOY based foods. It is important never to feed Soy of any type or capacity to Wolfdogs. There are a variety of Soy free dry dog foods you can feed. Personally I find that Wolfdogs require different things than dogs and have found that fresh raw meat is the only answer. Fresh Chicken, bone and all, Deer parts , Bear meat, Beaver, Turkey, Pheasant, Fish. All available from various places depending what part of the country you live. |
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 Is There Anybody Out There?
Numerous states and counties have enforced bans against wolfdogs over the last decade or more. Although wolfdog owners have come together on email lists and have created a myriad of organizations in an attempt to address the problems found in the wolfdog community, legislation still seems to be creeping across the country. We see more and more bans enacted both on the state and local levels. What are we doing to combat this movement? Should we do anything? Will bans affect us or can we go underground, claiming that our animals are mixes of various northern breed dogs? Will such claims work and allow us to continue keeping wolfdogs following wolfdog bans?
Registries (e.g., Iowolfer, USAWA, Lupine AWAREness, etc.) were created to help track wolfdog lines in an attempt to validate the animals that buyers were purchasing and that breeders were producing. For a while, these registries were effective in protecting consumers from buying misrepresented animals. Legitimate breeders with verified lines and animals hampered the ability of back yard breeders to sell their mixed breed dogs as wolfdogs. However, a decade after the breed registries became inactive, we now have very little consumer protection in the wolfdog community. We no longer document or verify percentages. Instead, we rely upon the breeder to be honest or we classify the animals based upon a phenotype—an inexact art (or science, if you will).
Educational organizations (e.g., Wolfdog Education Network, National Wolfdog Alliance, Florida Lupine Association, etc.) were created to help educate uninformed owners, breeders, rescuers, etc. Michigan , Texas , Nevada , and Florida , for example, created organizations that would keep track of legislative issues, address rabies issues, or educate owners and breeders about proper ways to house, maintain, and breed wolfdogs. But with an apathetic public, many of these organizations have also disbanded or become defunct. After all, an organization is only as good as its support network. Many of the organizations are unable to continue functioning because the support simply isn’t there for them, and the few who put their time and energy into the organization finally burn out.
Rescue organizations and sanctuaries have also sprung up over the years due to the throw-away mentality of our society and the high numbers of wolfdog (or purported wolfdogs) coming into rescue. Even more than the educational organizations, these rescue organizations need support. All too often rescues become overburdened and overwhelmed with the sheer numbers of animals and the sheer lack of support (often, financial). Over the years, we’ve seen many sanctuaries either close down or refuse to accept more animals because they lack the room or the finances to take in any more—or they may even lack the finances to care for the animals they currently have and need rescuing themselves.
With every escape, with every bite, with every negative incident that occurs with wolfdogs, we come that much closer to an outright ban against our animals. But few wolfdog owners have tried to fight these bans. Sure, there might be a handful of people in a given state (or in other states) that might come together to fight a ban in a given area. But why so few? We have over 600 people on the WolfdogZ e-mail list alone. Add that to the number of wolfdog people on other e-mail lists and those not online, and we could easily have over 1,500 people to support the wolfdog cause across the nation. Where are they when we need them? Why don’t we have larger forces at work DOING something to ensure that these animals aren’t banned from private ownership?
Florida used to be a great state for wolfdog ownership, but with the number of escapes in this state and with each attack a wolfdog is involved in, Florida is no longer a safe state in which to own wolfdogs. The Florida Fish & Wildlife Commission (FWC) will be revising its laws on hybrid ownership—and that revision may take the form of an outright ban. The Florida Lupine Association (FLA) has been in existence for nearly ten years and has brought together many wolfdog owners throughout the state (and from out of state). One of our duties is to track legislation, particularly in Florida Many of the wolfdog owners in our organization rely upon FLA (via newsletters, mail-outs, and the FLA e-mail list) to keep them apprised of what is going on in this state. Even though we have informed the members that Florida is facing a potential ban on wolfdogs, there still seems to be minimal concern. In fact, the overriding response I have heard is that owners will simply go underground and their animals will become malamutts or some other type of northern breed dog mix.
In addition to the problems with escapes and poor ownership, legislative entities are also concerned with the consumer protection aspect. During an FWC meeting two years ago, the problem with consumer protection was mentioned (i.e., consumers being sold misrepresented animals). Since most of the wolfdog registries no longer “register” animals, we have no way to objectively track or verify lines or animals. Verification then becomes only as valid as the breeders’ honesty. And honesty in backyard breeders is as common as ocean-front property in Nebraska
What is occuring in Florida has already occurred in some areas and may be occuring in many others. Across the nation, bans are being enacted against wolfdogs. Legislative entities are concerned about attacks, aggression, rabies, consumer protection, etc. And though WE (wolfdog people) profess our concern about these same issues, we do very little about them. In fact, many of us do very little (other than the proverbial pat on the back) to support those who tried and continue to try doing something about these issues. Why? Is it apathy? Is it a sense of complacency (e.g., a ban won’t happen here)? Is it that owners feel they will be safe regardless of laws that might ban wolfdogs in their areas?
Many wolfdog owners suffer under the assumption that they can merely call their animals mixed breed dogs and that will be the easy solution to a wolfdog ban. In fact, I heard this same mistaken belief from many Florida owners when I spoke to them about a potential ban being enacted here. I was quite surprised at the pervasiveness of this misconception. The reality is that FWC knows about genotyping, in addition to phenotyping, as means of determining the animal type. For any who might be confused about these terms, genotyping is the science of genetically testing the blood, tissue, scat, etc., as a means to determine the type of animal being tested; phenotyping is the art of studying the animal’s looks (morphology) and behavior to ascertain the type of animal. In fact, the genotyping and phenotyping issue was brought up by an FWC officer in one of the FWC meetings two years ago.
The National Fish & Wildlife Forensics Laboratory in Ashland , Oregon , has been testing for hybridization in wolves and coyotes for over four years now. They perform testing for federal agencies, state Fish & Wildlife agencies, Animal Control agencies, law enforcement agencies, educational institutions, etc. In fact, not only do they have genetic markers for wolves, dogs, coyotes, etc., but they also have markers for and can distinguish between various kinds of wolves: red wolves, arctic wolves, wolves from the Yellowstone area versus wolves from the Minnesota area, etc. Collecting specimens to test is also not as difficult as people seem to think. A simple scat sample as opposed to a cheek swab or a blood/tissue sample can provide the same results. It is relatively easy for legislative entities to determine if an animal is a wolf, a dog or a wolfdog. And it is also relatively inexpensive. After all, Fish & Wildlife agencies do not need to send samples to an independent lab; the testing is done in-house and the costs are, therefore, negligible (e.g., DNA testing for a private owner costs less than $100, sometimes significantly less).
If we don’t want our ability to own wolfdogs stripped from us, we must work together, supporting each other with more than just a pat on the back. Falling back on the idea that we can simply claim our animals are dogs is no longer going to work. Technological advances in molecular genetic research make that an impossibility now. Scientists cross reference the genetics by looking at the matriarchal line (mitochondrial DNA, or mtDNA), the patriarchal line (Y-chromosome), and both parents’ lines (nuclear DNA, or nDNA) to determine the genetic make-up of the animal. This combined with the markers that are specific to dogs and the markers that are specific to wolves yield answers that are pretty much conclusive as to the genetic make-up of the animal being tested and that are pretty much indefensible in a court of law.
Now is the time to step up and become more pro-active in defending our rights to own wolfdogs. We need to come together, pushing each other for proper containment that will prevent more wolfdogs from escaping and, thereby, causing another ban. We need to educate people about proper breeding, discouraging them from breeding animals that don’t improve the lines or that pose a potential safety threat because of aggression issues. We need to educate ourselves on the issues that legislative entities use most frequently to enforce bans, allowing us to effectively argue against those points. We need to become involved in researching BSL, dog bites, rabies, pack behavior, etc., so that we can counter the very issues that legislative entities use to enact wolfdog bans. We need to provide logistical and financial support for those involved in rescue so that they can properly house their animals and create more containment to take in additional animals. We need to DO! If we don’t come together and police our own, the legislative entities will do it for us!
~Kim Miles, Director Florida Lupine Association, Inc. Traditionally feared by humans, wolves actually shy away from human contact. According to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, no attack on a human by a healthy, wild wolf has ever been confirmed in North America. There have been cases of aggression recorded, but a wild, healthy wolf who is not habituated to humans (that is, who has not been taught to see humans as a source of food) and who is not provoked poses very little risk to humans.
Sources Feldhamer, G.A., B. C. Thompson and J.A. Chapman (eds.) 2003. Wild Mammals of North America, 2nd edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore, MD, USA. |
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FEEDING
Most people believe that Wolves are carnivors. The truth is they are Omnivors, and need a balanced diet of meat, vegetable, fish, poultry, and things that they get from ingesting dirt, bone, fur, etc. A diet of raw meat alone will shorten the life of a Wolf or Wolfdog. Wolves in the wild eat what they kill, and if the fur is not eaten with the bone fragments, they could die from a perforated bowel. The amazing digestive system of a Wolf re-organizes parts to prevent this from occurring. Wolf scat in the wild will appear to look like Hemp rope, as it is entwined with hair. Wolves also eat grass to settle their stomachs just like Dogs. Captive Wolves and Wolfdogs rarely have access to grass, as they generally kill all vegetation in their space. It is wise to gather rich green grass and leave it for them as often as possible. Today's quality dry Dog foods are a great source of the necessary nutritional factors needed aside from meat. Soy based foods are NO GOOD for Wolfdogs. You must carefully read what is in the foods you feed. There are several good dry foods including Walmart's MAXXXIMUM NUTRITION, Costco's KIRKLAND, and DIAMOND PET FOODS at Tractor Supply etc. Wild Wolves eat up to 16 - 20 lbs a day, but are always on the move. They can travel 30 miles a day but generally stay to one territory. Often their kills are not eaten fresh. Fresh meat is difficult to digest. But they will guard the kill, bury parts, letting it turn slightly before eating it. Wolves eat berries, and other vegetation at certain times of year. It is always best to understand the Wolf content levels of your animals to plan their diets accordingly. While wild Wolves generally have a very short life span, 6-8 years, captive Wolves have been known to live 15 years. Wolfdogs are all different. Lower content animals may not have the digestive system to ward off things that would cause problems, while high contents require carrion, bone marrow, cartlidge, and fur. Another example of how breeders harm these animals by lying about Wolf content. EVALUATION It is difficult for the average person to see and guess Wolf content in any Wolfdog. Unless you have training, there are many dogs that look like a Wolf. Breeders of low and no content lookalikes have every scam they can think of to mess with you so they can get high prices for their mixed breed dogs. Here is one just dumped on me. "I know what he is, because I saw the parents. All of her pups are registered with the state because they are more than 50% Wolf".. (referring to TN. & N.C. which neither have any such law ) First off, if I can sell you a pup that isn't a Wolfdog, I can certainly buffalo you with the parents. If you don't know one, why would you know the other? German Shepherds are essentially direct decentants of Wolves. However if we label them as Wolfdogs, various uneducated local governments will outlaw them too. Sable Huskies, Agouti Huskies, Wolf Grey Huskies, and combinations of all plus various other breeds used in the breeder DUPE , are all Wolf lookalikes and decendants of Wolves, as all dogs. Scientists have proof of the first domestic dogs dating back 135,000 years ago. YEP no typo. Evaluating a Wolfdog begins with the behaving mannerisms. Indication of Wolf content is not always visual, although it should be, as that is the primary goal. However as all animal mishandling goes, unneutered and unspayed animals do get together with other dogs and create Dogwolves ( i made that up) . These are most often sad stories ending in death for pups misunderstood and abused. The old story, "gee I had a Lab once with yellow eyes and funny feet that was a complete freak. We had to get rid of him because he killed our cats and pissed all over the house". errrr sumpin like that. There are many Dogs who also behave like that. It is in fact a Canine issue, but that is a place to start if you are inclined. Most people want Wolfdogs because they want a Wolf looking animal. For some of you (be careful what you wish for) was written just for you. Things to look for: Wolves are born one color. Grey , Black, Wheat or Brown, but all one color. Spotted pups mean DOG mix, Husky, Malamute, or? Knowing how to guage the mix at the newborn stage is almost impossible if you do not know the heritage. NO Wolf pups are White. Even Arctic pups are not born White. Newborn pups have a blue haze over their eyes. They will not see for several days, and then their eyes begin to change. Wolf & Wolfdog pups never have pink noses, or pink foot pads. They will not have white toe nails. However ARCTIC Wolf pups will have Taupe or an off white toe nail. A white line down the forehead is HUSKY. Distinct facial masks at the pup stage is Husky / Malamute. High content or pure Wolves are only born in early spring. March through mid May is whelping season, no exceptions. Breeders will give you all kinds of BS reasons their Wolves had pups in other months. High content pups will NOT BARK. Their feet are not rounded. Toes are distinctly pronounced. Wolves and HC Wolfdogs have Yellow / Gold / Amber / Red Brown / Green eyes. They NEVER have Blue eyes. A blue eyed Wolfdog is Husky mix, mid or low content. Blue eyes is a Husky gene, which if dominant in the animal is a good indication that the Husky genes are higher than the Wolf. (there is a genetic disorder that appears in some where eyes turn a bluish grey. This is a disease of the eye, often blinding) Wolves have thick ears, with fur inside as heavy as out. Their ears are rarely pointed, but may have a slight appearance of point at angles. Wolve's ears are rounded at the tip. HC WDs and Wolves have a sloped stop and no abrupt forehead. They have long noses, and never have pink noses. Snow nose is a pink pigment pertaining to Dogs. If a WD has snow nose, he is a low or no content WD. WDs and Wolves have a pronounced cape often with distinct stripes as many Greys have. Their fur is coarse on top and thick underneath. It is almost impossible to soak them to the skin. The top layer of hair (guardhair) protects them from water, snow, ice, and other natural discomforts. Wolf hairs are banded, multicolored. WDs and Wolves will change color with the seasons, as much wildlife does. Many Northern breed dogs have a Pre Caudal Gland marking. This mark is no indication of Wolf content, but if it does not exist, it is one more factor agains the Wolf content. Wolves and HC WDs have narrow chests, legs close together, long large boned legs with low placed forjoints and long feet, toed out or splayed in front. Back legs are mostly cow hocked, meaning pointed in. Large chested animals are usually Malamute/ Husky. Wolves have long torsos, and a distinct way of moving, slow or fast it never resemble the paces of Dog breeds to the trained eye. HC WDs and Wolves have tails that do not natuarally curl or arc over their back. In alert or playful modes Wolves tails will stand straight out or somewhat up, but never curled. Curled tails are Dog traits. Few people ever will admit that they have been stung by a Breeder. If they truly want their Dog to be a Wolf they will see all these things wether they are there or not. This is a rugged outline for evaluating, and in no way is this the entire amount of knowledge required. I am open to input from knowledgable handlers experiences to add. Most knowledgable Wolfdog folks refer to the Filial number mentioned several times already. This is most often fairly accurate, BUT not fool proof. Theoretically a good breeder could create a high content F5 2 F1 99s have an F2 98 2 F2 98s have an F3 96 2F3 96s have an F4 92 2 F4 92s have an F5 84 so the F number can also be misleadin Low breeders rarely have F numbers to GOOD PAGE TO READ http://hometown.aol.com/wolfdogeducation/FAQsindex.html |
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Wolf hunters in North America practically wiped out the varioua species in all parts, making Wolves endangered. As government always does, re-introduction programs have yeilded numerous other issues due to lack of forsight, and genetic malignment. Animals turned loose in various parts of North America are not the same strain as the originals that existed. As such, nature steps in to cure human error, and tragic results are often upon us.
These articles have some questionable details, however they do pretty much coral the issues. Grey Wolves change color with the seasons as part of their survival package. No Red Wolf genes are presumed in the "Brush Wolf Pack". Eastern Greys (Canis Lupis Lycaon) are genetically connected to the Coyote. Aside from that, this article is from a very interesting perspective. http://members.tripod.com/hal_macgregor/Anatomy.htm http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/mammals/wolflive/conclus.htm http://www.wolf.org/wolves/learn/intermed/inter_mgmt/depred_livestock.asp http://www.mnforsustain.org/wolf_summary_info_iwc.htm |
